Anzac Day

Year Date Day Holiday State : 25 Apr  Anzac Day National

Anzac Day is celebrated on 25 April each year, regardless of on which day it falls. The day is a public holiday, however no replacement holiday is given if Anzac Day falls on a weekend (except in Western Australia).

It was on 25 April 1915 that the armies of Australia and New Zealand entered into their premier battle of the First World War, at Gallipoli, Turkey. At the time, Australia had only been recognised as a federal commonwealth for thirteen years.

Many Australians were sympathetic to the United Kingdom, which they regarded as the motherland. So the volunteer armies of Australian and New Zealand, eager to fight the good fight in the war, bravely landed on the shore of the Gallipoli Peninsula with the intent to capture and secure a safe passage for Allied navies.

At Gallipoli, the Anzac’s faced off with one of the fiercest armies history has ever known. Despite landing under the cover of darkness, the Anzac’s were met with immediate bombardment and gunfire. On the shores of Gallipoli, the Australian and New Zealand armies fought for eight months forcing a stalemate. Eight thousand Anzac soldiers lost their lives before the Allies called for an evacuation.

While the operation itself was not a success, the valour and determination shown by Anzac’s, the “Knights of Gallipoli,” were immediately commemorated in Australia, London, and even at the Allies’ camp in Egypt in 1916. Parades and ceremonies were held in their honour, and even those who were wounded in combat were a part of the parade while they were still recovering.

By the 1920s, the day had become a way to memorialise the sixty thousand Australian soldiers who died in the First World War. By the next decade, all Australian states had a form of celebration for Anzac Day, and many of the traditions we still carry out today had already taken shape. Forevermore, the 25th of April would be known as the day Australia arrived as a force in the world.

Anzac Day’s  Commemorations

Dawn Service  The Dawn Service is one of the most revered and popular ceremonies that takes place on Anzac Day. The Dawn Service is thought to have originated in the military routine known as the “stand-to.” Opposing armies often attacked in the partial light of dusk and dawn. Ever vigilant, the Australian military made it a practice to wake the soldiers and prepare them at their posts with weapons before the other armies could strike. The stand-to technique is still used by the Australian military to this day. The Dawn Service seeks to recapture those quiet moments in the near-darkness, when soldiers had an opportunity to bond and reflect. While the first Dawn Services were vigils performed only by veterans in complete silence, all Australians are encouraged to participate. Today, some services feature readings, hymns, and riffle volleys.
The Last Post  Often heard at the Dawn Service and other memorials on Anzac Day, The Last Post is the tune that is played over a bugle to signify the end of the day, or the final post. The soldiers could then take their rest. At memorial services, this melody is played to suggest the last post as a metaphor. The soldiers who are being honoured can hear the tune and know that all duties have been completed, so he or she may finally rest in peace.
Memorials, Marches and Exhibits  Throughout the day, many towns host marches that feature veterans and members of The Returned & Services League. Thousands of people gather to give their thanks and respect along the parade routes. Memorial readings where well known poems such as “For the Fallen” and “In Flanders Fields,” help the community to honour and remember those who have served in the military, and better experience what they went through. Haunting verse such as, “Take up our quarrel with the foe: / To you from failing hands we throw / The torch; be yours to hold it high. / If ye break faith with us who die,” cause those in attendance to take a moment and really consider what roles our soldiers play in the greater context of Anzac Day. War memorials and museums also host exhibits on Australia’s military history to deepen our understanding.
Red Poppies The lines that follow in Canadian Colonel John McCrae’s poem, “In Flanders Field,” mention, “We shall not sleep, though poppies grow / In Flanders fields.” Red poppies were the first flowers to bloom on the battlefields of Northern France and Belgium despite the bloodshed in the First World War. It was a popular tale among soldiers that the flowers gained their bright red hue from the blood of the fallen that had soaked into the ground. These red flowers are placed on war memorials as a symbol of remembrance, and perhaps a reminder that out of sacrifice, new hope emerges.
Anzac Day Football Although football had been played on Anzac Day for a number of years, the match between Collingwood and Essendon did not become a standard recurrence until 1995. When Collingwood and Essendon first squared off against each other, it was not uncommon for AFL matches to occur on Anzac Day, as donations from the day went to benefit the RSL. However, after that first match between the classic rivals, it became clear that this annual match was a special way to pay tribute to the values of Anzac Day; while deployed across the globe, football played by Anzac soldiers as a way to sharpen their skills, keep up good humour, and forge better connections with one another. That same vein of spirit, courage, mate ship, and fairness runs throughout the day, at the end of the annual match, the Anzac medal is awarded to the player who best demonstrates these highly valued Australian qualities.
Catafalque parties A catafalque is a raised structure that holds a coffin. At a funeral as a sign of respect, four soldiers would stand about a meter away from the catafalque, facing in four different directions, with their heads lowered and weapons held at reverse. Mourners would pass by to say farewell to the departed. On Anzac Day, you may see soldiers standing in such a position again as a sign of tribute.
Anzac Biscuits These treats had a very practical beginning. During the First World War, the friends and families of soldiers would send care packages overseas. Since any food they could send had to be resistant to spoilage and full of nutrition, a biscuit made from rolled oats, sugar, flour, coconut, butter, and a few other ingredients became a popular pastry to pack in boxes. To this day, Anzac biscuits are one of the few products approved to bear the Anzac acronym, which is protected by Federal legislation.

The Popular Locations for Anzac Day commemorations

• The Australian War Memorial: Located in the capital at Canberra, the Australian War Memorial hosts one of the largest Anzac Day commemoration in the country. In fact, there are even activities taking place on the days before and after. The Memorial hosts its own Dawn Service, a national ceremony featuring a march of veterans and peacekeepers, and exhibits throughout the weekend.
• Brisbane: At midnight the day before, Brisbane hosts a silent service for Anzac Day, followed by a Dawn Service at the Shrine of Remembrance. The Anzac Day March in Brisbane features between ten and fifteen thousand people with about fifty thousand spectators flocking to support them. In the past, the March has been lead by the Royal Australian Navy.
• Perth: The largest Dawn Service in Western Australia takes place at the State War Memorial in Perth. There is also a Gunfire Breakfast for ex-service personnel and the community to fill the time between the Dawn Service and the March, which ends in a memorial service.
• Fremantle: In addition to the Dawn Service at Monument Hill, and the parade leaving from Esplanade Reserve, Fremantle also holds a closing service with an Anzac Day Concert. The spirit of the day continues on at the Sir Hughie Edwards Anzac Day Derby between South Fremantle and North Fremantle football clubs. Free admission is offered to persons with military medals or uniforms.
• Melbourne: The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne not only hosts a Dawn Service, but also a Ray of Light ceremony. The Consort of Melbourne also hosts a concert at St Paul’s Cathedral that features the Choir of St James’ King Street from Sydney. Alongside pieces from the old masters Bach and Schutz, Johannes Brahms, a talented composer, instructor, and music therapist, wrote a chorale peace as solace to the living in honour of those who have passed on.

 

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Turkish Traditional Towns

Turkish Towns, a land of incredible natural beauty, fascinating history and colorful folklore, Turkey arguably has something for everyone.

Here we list the 20 unmissable and most authentic towns in Turkey;

Amasra Town, Bartin

Mudanya Town, Bursa

Goynuk Town, Bolu

Mudurnu Town, Bolu

Safranbolu Town, Karabuk

Beypazari Town, Ankara

Tarakli Town, Sakarya

Urgup Town, Cappadocia

Silifke Town, Mersin

Harran Town, Sanliurfa

Alacati Town, Izmir

Halfeti Town, Sanliurfa

Midyat Town, Mardin

Camlihemsin Town, Rize

Assos Town, Canakkale

Akyaka Town, Mugla

Inebolu Town, Kastamonu

Cunda Island, Balikesir

Foca Town, Izmir

Ayvalik Town, Balikesir

Turkish Towns, a land of incredible natural beauty, fascinating history and colorful folklore, Turkey arguably has something for everyone.

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Princes’ Islands in Istanbul

Princes’ Islands in Istanbul, (the Islands) during the summer months the Islands are popular destinations for day trips from Istanbul. As there is no traffic on the Islands, the only transport being horse and cart, they are incredibly peaceful compared with the city of Istanbul.

Princes’ Islands in Istanbul, Adalar (the Islands), is a district of Istanbul which includes nine islands; Buyukada, Heybeliada, Burgazada, Kinaliada, Sedefadasi, Sivriada, Yassiada, Kasikadasi, and Tavsanadasi. The center of the district of Adalar is Buyukada. There are 4 of big islands to visit, see below.

• Kinaliada Island: Kinaliada is the fourth largest of the Princes’ Islands and also closest island to the European and Asian side of Istanbul, about 12 kilometres to the south, named because of the colour of its earth.
• Burgazada Island: Burgazada is the third largest of the Princes’ Islands near Istanbul. Sleepy, peaceful Burgazada is the ideal location to escape the noise and traffic for a just few hours or a full day trip.
• Heybeliada Island: Heybeliada is the second largest and the most green of the Princes’ Islands in Istanbul both from the view point of its population and its surface area. As on all the islands, you can hire bikes to travel around or take a horse drawn carriage.
• Buyukada Island: Buyukada is the largest of the Princes’ Islands, also the farthest from Istanbul, welcomes its visitors with a very enjoyable atmosphere, with its historical pier, large bazaar square and famous fish restaurants.

If you contact to your travel agency, you can have a daily tour to Princes’ Islands with transportation from your hotel and with local tour guide. After visiting Islands, they drop to back your hotel. Including lunch on the sea side restaurant.

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Most Useful Turkish Words for Travellers in Turkey ; 

USEFUL TURKISH WORDS

Yes = Evet
*No = Hayır
*Thank you = Teşekkürler,  Sağol
*Please = Lütfen
*Excuse me = Pardon , Afedersin
*Hello = Merhaba
*Goodbye = Hoşçakal, Güle Güle                                                                                                                                        *Good morning = Günaydın                                                                                                                                        *How are you ? = Nasılsın                                                                                                                                                 I do not understand = Anlamıyorum

Where is …? = Nerede …?
*How much is the fare? = Fiyat ne kadar?
*One ticket to …, please. = Bir bilet …, lütfen                                                                                                               One way = Tek gidiş                                                                                                                                                  *Two way = Gidiş dönüş                                                                                                                                            *Flight = Uçak
*Train = Tren
*Bus = Otobüs
*Underground/tube/metro = Metro
*Tram = Tramvay
*Train station = Tren istasyonu
*Bus station = Otobüs terminali
*Airport = Havaalanı

*I would like to buy… = Satın almak istiyorum…
*How much does this cost? = Ne kadar ediyor?
*Do you have…? = Var mı…?
*Do you accept credit cards? = Kredi kartı kabul ediyor musunuz?
*Tourist Information = Turist Danışma
*Police station = Karakol
*Hospital = Hastane
*Store/shop = Mağaza

NUMBERS 

1 One = Bir
2 Two= İki
3 Three = Üç
4 Four = Dört
5 Five = Beş
6 Six = Altı
7 Seven = Yedi
8 Eight = Sekiz
9 Nine = Dokuz
10 Ten = On

CALENDAR

*Day = Gün
*Week = Hafta
*Month = Ay
*Year = Yıl
*Today = Bugün
*Yesterday = Dün
*Tomorrow = Yarın

*Monday = Pazartesi
*Tuesday = Salı
*Wednesday = Çarşamba
*Thursday = Perşembe
*Friday = Cuma
*Saturday = Cumartesi
*Sunday = Pazar

TURKISH ALPHABET
A B C Ç D E F G Ğ H I İ J K L M N O Ö P R S Ş T U Ü V Y Z

Turkish Pronunciation;

 I as in plus
Ö as in fur
Ü as in tu
Ç as in church
G as in gentle
H as in high
Ş as in show

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Music Festivals in Turkey

Music Festivals, Turkey is a popular destination for the international music festivals and concerts, also on the international touring calendar, with everything from blues music festivals to stadium rock concerts making their way here. Get your diary out and start planning the musicals and concerts you want to see while on holiday in Turkey.

Some of the best music festivals in Turkey;

*SunSplash Open Air Antalya Music Festival
*Rock’n Coke Music Festival
*Istanbul International Music Festival
*Efes Pilsen Blues Festival
*Mersin International Music Festival
*Istanbul International Jazz Festival
*Chill Out Music Festival Istanbul
*Konya International Mystic Music Festival
*Izmir International European Jazz Festival
*Istanbul One Love Festival
*Gumusluk International Classical Music Festival
*Ankara International Music Festival
*Ankara International Jazz Festival
*Antalya International Piano Festival
*Bozcaada Jazz Festival

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Galata Tower

The Galata Tower, Galata Kulesi in Turkish, is one of the highest and oldest towers of Istanbul. 63 meter (206 feet) high tower provides a panoramic view of the old town. It was built in the 14th century by the Genoese colony as part of the defense wall surrounding their district at Galata directly opposite ancient Constantinopolis. They called the tower as “Christea Turris”, or “Tower of Christ”. The Genoese were involved in trade with the Byzantines and the tower was used for the surveillance of the Harbor in the Golden Horn. After the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmet II, it served to detect fires in the city.

Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi was the first flying Turk during the Ottoman Empire of the 17th century. He copied bird wings and studied air flows, than jumping from the Galata Tower he overflew the Bosphorus and landed at Uskudar district on the Asian side, around 6 kilometers (4 miles) in distance.

After the Republic, Galata Tower was restored and opened to the public in 1967. The tower houses a cafeteria on top, there was also a night club which is closed down after the last restoration in 2013. A couple of elevators will take you up but there are still three more floors to climb by stairs to get on the panoramic terrace which is 52 meters above the ground. A small souvenir shop is located inside the tower just across the ticket office at the entrance level.

Galata Kulesi (Tower)
Büyük Hendek Caddesi, Galata
Phone: +90 212 293 81 80
Admission: 25 TL

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Sultanahmet Square

Sultanahmet Square is the oldest square in Istanbul. Since the establishment of the first years of the city of Istanbul, it has started to expand around this square. Istanbul has been a big city in every period of history. The Vikings, who passed through the Bosphorus for the first time, were surprised by the size of Istanbul and called it the big village. People who have lived here throughout history have lived in and around Sultanahmet Square. Today, the place is called the historical peninsula and the old city of Istanbul.

The German Fountain in the square – (the gift of the German Kaiser Wilhelm II) at the Hippodrome. The Egyptian Obelisk, one of the symbols of Istanbul. You will be happy to visit the Blue Mosque (called the Blue Mosque) next to the Hippodrome. There are nice places to sit and relax under the tree. It has always been one of the most crowded squares of the city.

You can often see tourists in groups or on their own. People from all over the world come here to come. Near the square, there are very important historical places such as Hagia Sophia Museum, Basilica Cistern, Topkapi Palace. There are empty rooms and tunnels belonging to the historical Hippodrome under the square. Unfortunately, it is closed to visitors. We hope that it will be opened one day and that we can visit these interesting places. If you go towards the end of the square, you can see the Sphendone walls from the outside where the hippodrome ends.

In the near term of the schools, especially in April and May, you will see groups of Turkish students who come to visit historical places. These student groups sometimes create intensity in the square and the region.

There are small shops near the square where you can shop. You can buy souvenirs here. You can buy water, bagels, boiled corn, baked chestnuts, ice cream in the square. You can drink coffee, tea, beer in the nearby cafes and watch the surroundings.

You can find very nice places for eating. Whatever you like. The many places serving traditional Turkish cuisine are the famous Turkish döner kebab, Turkish pita and Turkish meatballs. You can also find foods like pizzas and burgers. Our best choice Historical Sultanahmet Meatball Restaurant  ( Tarihi Halkın Köftecisi ) is simple and old-style but one of the best menus of the entire Sultanahmet center next to tram stop. We higly recommend.

 

You can get daily tours from various official travel agencies located near the square. There are many activities such as walking tours, Bosphorus boat tours, night tours. Let’s be careful about this, there are those who sell illegal tours in the square or on the road, please stay away. It is always guaranteed to buy from the travel agency.

If you need change money, it is very easy. Just you need walk to tram station few minutes, you will see around the station change office. They can change all kind money.

There is a pharmacy ( Eczane ) next to Sultanahmet Meatball Restaurant next to Sultanahmet tram stop if you need.

Since the square motor vehicle is closed to traffic, transportation is carried out on foot. You can also use a bicycle or electric cyclist.
The nearest public transport in the square is the tram. There are a few minutes to reach the square from the Sultanahmet tram stop on foot. If you need a taxi, ask the hotel reception, they will assist you. We do not recommend street taxis.

There are small mansion-style hotels made of old houses in the back streets near the square. It is possible to find quality accommodation for every budget. It takes an average of 5 minutes to reach the square from these hotels.

The closest shopping center of the square is the Grand Bazaar, the oldest shopping center in the world. You can reach on foot in 15 minutes. Or it takes 5 minutes by tram. If you want to go to the historical Spice Bazaar, you can go by tram in 10 minutes.

 

 

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Turkey Travel Agency

Turkey Travel Agency, Turkey Tours , Specializing only in Turkey destination;  we offer high quality,  Istanbul tours, Cappadocia tours and Cappadocia balloon tours throughout the country…..

Turkey Tours and Turkey Travel Agency, We are celebrating our 38th year of business in tourism industry as Turista Travel,  Specialist for Turkey Tours, Tailor Made Programs, Turkey Package Tours, Istanbul City Tours, Istanbul Package Tours,  Cappadocia Day Tours,  Cappadocia Package Tours.We are proud of arranging the Istanbul City Tours  and  Cappadocia Day Tours  with our own vehicles. We are also very glad to serve our guests in our own hotel named  Hotel Asia Minor in Cappadocia and becoming partner of the leading balloon company Ürgüp Balloon.

Ürgüp Balloon.  Since 1982  Turista Travel holds its honest policy with the professional and experienced staff, by preparing up-to-date programs and giving perfect service to our guests. In our comfortable vehicles, you start your trip with our assurance, you will feel yourself at home. We have very special high quality  Turkey tours by train, by bus and by flight.

Our comfortable vehicles and knowledgeable local guides are ready and waiting for you. Please contact us by choosing the most suitable tour for you. Turkey Tours included Istanbul,  Troy, Gallipoli, Pergamum, Ephesus,  Pamukkale,  Cappadocia,  Fethiye,  Antalya and the other many beautiful places. You can contact with us for booking. We will be glad to help you.

Turkey Tours Operator & Turkish Travel Agent Since 1982, Association of Turkish Travel Agencies TURSAB Member ID: A-2181

Alanya

Alanya is in Pamphylia, Turkey, situated on the south coast. It is a popular tourist destination.

Alanya is about 2 hours drive from the nearest major international airport in Antalya and half an hour from Gazipasa Airport. Gazipasa Airport opened for international flights in 2011, and serves a limited, but growing number of European destinations. Most holiday makers land in Antalya and are then taken to their hotel in Alanya by bus and also you can choose Antalya airport transfers  to alanya for hassle free arrivals
If your hotel is a bit far from Alanya, you can stand outside the hotel on the road and wait for a dolmus to come by and pick you up. You can stop at dolmus stops anywhere on the road, mostly there are bus stops, rarely at some places there are not bus stops, they come in each 10 and 15 minutes and are sometimes quite crowded.

In the city center there is cheap dolmus to reach all around the town.

Red Tower and part of Alanya Castle
Walking around the town is the best option, except on very hot July and August days. You can take taxis or a Dolmuş to the castle if you don’t want to walk all the way up the hill.
Also you can rent an electric scooter or a bike.

• The Citadel (Kale) occupies a hilly peninsula surrounded by the sea on three sides, and by the modern parts of the city on the other. Although the signs showing way to ‘Castle’ (Kale) points to the highest parts of the walls, the walls can be followed starting right at the sea level. Particularly interesting in (or next to) the citadel is the tip of the peninsula formed by a high and narrow extension of rocks, jutting long into the sea. This formation is named Adam Atacağı in Turkish (pronounced aa-daam aa-taa-jaa-a), literally “man thrower”, as here was where people condemned to death were pushed into the sea.
• The Red Tower (Kızıl Kule) – The hexagonal tower of the citadel which is nearest to sea.
• Old shipyard (Tersane) – Built by the Seljuqs, this structure dates back to 1228. Located very near the Red Tower.
• Syedra Ancient City Ancient port city in the Seki Village, some 25 km southeast of the city center. Excavations continue.
• Damlataş Cave near Kleoptra Beach.
• Caves around the town, accessible by boat trips.
• Dim Çayı
• Sapadere Kanyonu

There is a lot to do in and there are plenty of tour companies whole heartedly willing to help you.
• Boat trip (try to haggle down to €5 for one hour), should include visits to caves (if the weather permits it) and lunch as well as animation with Eurodance music. Beware some salespersons there promise you that you will see turtles and dolphins before the season before may and that you will go into the cave with the boat, even though you boat is far too big. Do not believe them.
• Scuba Diving (more fish during the high season)
• Jeep safari tours
• Quad bike tours
• Donkey riding
• Trip to historic Amphitheatre in Aspendos

Catering for all the European tourists, almost everyone in Alanya accepts Euros. You may not even have to exchange your Euros at all. When taking money out of the automatic teller machines, make sure they can give you Euros as well as Lira. It’s also very easy to exchange all Scandinavian crowns (krona, krone, possibly except Icelandic króna) in many exchange offices of the town—something not very usual in the rest of Turkey—as many holiday-makers in Alanya are Scandinavians.
Alanya is full to the brim of shops, which become very repetitive since they all sell pretty much exactly the same wares. The shops shamelessly sell fake brands and goods, where the expiry date has been long exceeded. A list of the most common items:
• Clothing: Shoes and t-shirts from Puma, etc (fake of course!)
• Watches: Everything from Seiko to DKNY (fake of course!)
• Sunglasses
• Bags and Wallets
• Turkish Tea sets
• Water Pipes and tobacco
Be prepared to haggle, the shop owners expect it. This means you need to know the approximate value for the items you would like to buy. You can check the value either by research online in advance or by asking any friendly local. When you haggle, they will offer you an absurdly high price. This means that you can offer a couple of Euros and try to meet somewhere at the price you have decided to be your maximum. Obviously, you can’t haggle in a supermarket, petrol station, etc. Trying to haggle for groceries is generally frowned upon. You will have to haggle in the cocktail bars that are lined up along the beach promenade, if you don’t want to pay more for a meal and drinks than in Europe. Many restaurants/bars/etc don’t even have prices on their menu.
Eat
Turkish food in general is really tasty. Try:
• Lahmacun: These will cost you around 2 Euro and are more like a snack than a meal
• Baklava: Turkish sweet. The cost depends on the weight , 10 euro.
If you are in an “All Inclusive” hotel (which is usually the case), all your meals are provided by the hotel.
Drink
• Turkish coffee
Be warned that the prices of drinks in the night clubs may be insanely high. Expect a beer to cost from €1.00 to €4.50.
Sleep
A great deal of cheap holiday packages, usually originating in Germany or Scandinavia, include “All Inclusive” hotels situated on the beach as part of the deal. For example, an “All Inclusive” 4 Star hotel in Alanya including a flight to Antalya from Germany costs around €400. Recently, Alanya Old City has become a popular destination for many travellers looking for a romantic getaway in a unique atmosphere.
• Villa Casara, Konakli, Alanya, beautiful brand new Turkish villa, which sleeps 8 comfortably, is bright, spacious and comfortable with all modern conveniences. It is set in lovely palm lined gardens and the 3 balconies enjoy views of the mountains, swimming pool and boast a direct view of the sea.
• Hotel Villa Turka, Alanya Old City Antalya, +90.530.5474641, [2]. A romantic boutique hotel located in the heart of Alanya Castle featuring a beautifully restored 19th century castle mansion with 11 individually decorated rooms, an organic homemade breakfast buffet and a breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Yasmin Hotel, Sekerhane Mh. Şekerhane, 07400 Alanya/Antalya, Türkiye, +90 242 511 29 63, A small 3 star hotel in the center of Alanya surrounded with nice restaurants and shops. Owner Kemal is very friendly and his traditional breakfasts are to die for! €50/night.
Get out
• To the west, rest of Pamphylia offers many interesting destinations.
• To the east, Anamur, Silifke, and the rest of eastern Mediterranean coast (the Cilician coast: Cilician Mountains, Cilician Plains, and Hatay) awaits with its somewhat thinly populated and thinly touristed hilly landscape.
• Cyprus, lying to the southeast, is also another option. During the high season (May to September), you can go to Kyrenia in Northern Cyprus by boat through the company Fergün Shipping.

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Bodrum

Bodrum is the site of the ancient city of Halikarnassus, the location of the famous Mausoleum of Halikarnassus (built after 353 BCE) – one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Unfortunately, the ancient monument was destroyed by earthquakes in the Middle Ages – some of the remnants can be seen in London’s British Museum.

View of the castle and the marina
Bodrum is a fascinating place as it has a pleasing contrast between the Ancient city – where there are discernable fragments everywhere in the town -and a playground for rich Turks and an array of foreign visitors. It is one of the centres of the Turkish Tourist industry and is the market town for the Bodrum Peninsula which consists of a number of towns and villages nestling on the edge of the Coast. Until the 1960’s the town was a fishing village which changed when a number of Turkish intellectuals gathered and wrote about Bodrum. Most notable of the these was Cevat Sakir ‘The Fisherman of Hallikarnassus’, an Oxford Educated Turk who devoted his time to writing and planting numerous plants and trees which continue to dot the landscape of the Town. His book the ‘Blue Voyage’ describing gullet trips around the Turkish coast, and his descriptions of the astoundingly clear Blue Seas of the Aegean and the delights of a trip around the coasts adjacent to Bodrum inspired a whole generation who have come to emulate his trips. Bodrum has therefore grown as a sailing destination and thanks to its warm but not humid climate has become a top destination for visitors who enjoy the combination of the ancient past together with all the usual tourist paraphernalia. There are large numbers of shops and restaurants – from humble cafes to exquisite Turkish cuisine served by an array of waiting staff.
Modern Bodrum strangely seems to have two contrasting sides to it.
The east half of the town has a long thin but reasonable beach, which has been added in the last few years, with the authorities trying and largely succeeding in creating a good beach. Behind the beach lay all the bars, restaurants, and night clubs that are typical of Mediterranean resort towns. This means open fronted bars that do not come alive until 10PM when everybody goes out. As well as some nice beach fronted bars (e.g. cafe del mar being a reasonably chilled out and attractive bar, with attractive staff so that helps) it also has some terrible ones, if you do not like the hard drinking culture of some tourists. It does have some reasonable clubs. Halikarnas being the obvious one as it is huge (4000 people). It also is mostly outdoors and hosts foam parties on regular occasions.
The other half of the town is the west side. This mainly revolves around the Marina and Yacht Club. Here life is a little more sedate with shops catering mainly to those who have stepped off their boats. Expensive supermarkets with proper wine and olive oil as well as the obligatory Helley Hanson to be able to purchase your new jacket. There are a number of nice restaurants if you look hard enough and some good clothes shops. Like all resorts being directly on the sea front increases the prices. During the evenings there is a wonderful atmosphere as the locals and tourists all seem to promenade along the sea front.
There are many cultural events – notably the Ballet Festival in August, a wide range of pop concerts at the Castle or in the Amphitheatre which has been restored in the last few years, having been built some 2,000 years ago.
Bodrum History
According to Herodotus, born B.C. 484 in Halikarnassus (ancient name for Bodrum), the city was founded by the Dorians. Megarans enlarged the city B.C. 650 and changed its name to Halikarnassus, and then Persians started to rule the city from B.C. 386

A drawing of the mauseloum from the British Museum
Halikarnassus had its glorious days, when it was the capital of the Karia B.C. 353. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum, was built there by Artemisia for the memory of King Mausolos.
After the Roman and Byzantium rule for ages, Ottomans have conqured the city in 1522, during the time of Suleyman, The Magnificent. The city was named “Bodrum” after the Turkish Republic was declared.
Mausoleum
Known as one of the Seven Wonders of The Ancient World, The Mauseloum was built by Artemisia, the sister and the wife of King Mausolos, B.C. 355.
This work of art, stood on a 21 stepped pyramid which was 46 metres high and carried a horse car symbolising victory on it, had 36 marble columns in Ionian style.
The mauseloum was destroyed in an earthquake; and the ruins were used in building of the Halikarnassus Castle. Many statues and reliefs from the mauseloum were carried to The British Museum by archeologist C. Newton, in 1856 and now lies there for public viewing.
Bodrum Climate
During winters and springs, November through April, the weather in Bodrum is generally very good with a few heavy shower periods, usually taking place in November, and then some time after new year and the last one in March/April. February is especially pleasant with not too cold nights and the almond blossoming and the abundance of wild ruccola all over the place.
Summers, arriving after April, are as hot as it can get (expect temperatures higher than 40 C) and sunny with no rain.
Get in Bodrum
By plane
Bodrum-Milas airport is 35 km away from Bodrum and many flight companies operate charter flights to Bodrum in Summer season. There are also Dalaman and Izmir Airports which are 3 hours far away from Bodrum.
Bus From the Airport: There are excellent Havas  coach services between Bodrum center and the airport. They are timed to match flight arrival/departure times. Ticket Fee from airport to Bodrum Center  journey takes 40-45 minutes (20 mins low season). Check the bus times the day before (or on arrival at Bodrum bus terminal) since the buses are infrequent (exactly one per flight) and you will have to take a taxi if you miss the one bus.  For hassle free arrivals, you can also choose to book a private airport transfer
Airport Food and drink costs are astronomical. For example, a can of soda costs about 5 Euros whereas it would be a fraction of that in the city. Take this into account before arriving at the airport.
By boat
Bodrum is reached by sea from Kos and Rhodes (Greek Islands). Daily ferryboat services from/to Cos and Rhodes to Bodrum are available during the summer season ,
By bus
There are many intercity bus companies which operate bus services to Bodrum from major cities of Turkey such as Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Antalya, Adana, Bursa, Konya, etc… After arriving at any of these cities, Bodrum is reached by bus. By bus: from Istanbul to Bodrum 13 hours; Izmir to Bodrum 4 hours; Ankara to Bodrum 10 hours, Antalya to Bodrum 7 hours.
Sometimes, if you are arriving from a very distant destination (such as Cappadocia), the bus will not arrive directly to Bodrum (inquire about this when you purchase your ticket as they don’t always bother to let you know and some buses are direct while other are not) but rather arrive at a nearby town (usually Mugla) where you will change to a smaller bus which will take you directly to the central bus station in Bodrum. The original bus ticket you purchased to Bodrum will usually include this leg of the trip in the price so make sure you do not pay again when the ticket seller comes by to collect the ticket fee on the smaller bus.
Get around Bodrum
The best way to get around is by dolmus, (a shared taxi following a fixed route) one of the cheapest ways of transport in Turkey.
See Bodrum
Landmarks
• Bodrum Castle/Castle of St Peter (Bodrum Kalesi),  Tu-Su. Built from 1402 by the Knights Hospitaller, the Castle is easily the most prominent landmark in the city. The castle now operates as a museum, with the focus on the Museum of Underwater Archaeology (see below). It is one of the world’s best preserved monuments dating back to medieval times. The supervision of the construction of the castle was assigned to the German architect Heinrich Schlegelholt, so that the latest developments in castle design were included. The castle is quite pretty and the views are spectacular.
• The Bodrum Amphitheatre is another ancient structure accredited to the reign of King Mausolus, although it wasn’t completed until the Roman era. The theatre is another witness to the great past of Bodrum, and it is one of the best preserved structures of ancient Halikarnassus. You can find this site on the road to Gumbet
• Windmills in Bodrum – One of the many sights in the Bodrum peninsula are the white windmills, which were made of stone and lined with wooden planks. These windmills were used from the mid 18th century until the 70s as a means to grind flour. Seven windmills can be found on a hill between Bodrum and Gumbet, at the road to Turgutreis and a lot of windmills can be found around the former fishing port Yalikavak. These historical mills on the Bodrum Peninsula are currently being restored to attract local and foreign tourists.
• Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. Tu-Su 10AM-5PM (off-season, likely open till evening in summer). Just a short walk uphill from the marina, the foundations of the Mausoleum (see above) can be seen. 8 TL. edit
• Myndos Gate – The old city gates, built under the reign of King Mausolus. It was the scene for one of the greatest bloodiest battles during the siege of the city by Alexander the Great.
• Karakaya Village – This 300 year old town is one of the oldest settlements in the Bodrum peninsula, situated close to Gumusluk. While half of the village is abandoned, owners of the other half restored their houses to its original look. The village has windmills from the 18th century.
Museums and Galleries
• Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, inside Bodrum Castle, tel +90 252 316 25 16, fax +90 252 313 76 46, [21]. Tu-Su 9AM-12PM, 2PM-7PM, closed Mondays. established in 1961, this great museum has won numerous awards, and displays amazing finds from underwater excavations along the Turkish coast. Includes the famous Uluburun Shipwreck, one of the earliest and richest wrecks yet discovered. Not to be missed.
Do
During the peak season, the beach that stretches between the castle and Halikarnas is very good for swimming; The water is roped off to prevent boats coming in, and the beach and water is cleaned daily by the restaurants and by the city authorities. Sun beds and beanbags on the beach are free of charge, although the restaurants that own them will bring you menus or offer you drinks every half hour. Another option is to go to the nearby beaches of Gumbet or Bitez: Grab a Taxi or go to the bus station and hop on a Dolmus. These beaches are much more suited for sunbathing and have actual sand (Bodrum beach is mostly pebbles, whereas the water at Gumbet & Bitez is very shallow), sun beds are free of charge and loud music is also there to entertain you. There are several pools with bars that do not charge an entrance fee even if you are not ordering anything. A variety of water sports is offered.
You can also hire a private boat for your own trip around the bay. Make sure all passengers have and wear lifejackets and that there is an emergency oar and kit on board. Taking a mobile phone in a plastic bag is advisable. Try snorkeling (go for good quality glass based goggles and kit available in most shops)
• Aquatica – If you are looking for crazy Day Parties and a unique summer experience then try out this Floating Beach Club. It is located on the sea, in an untouched secluded bay, between Bodrum and Gumbet (access by shuttle boats). This concept offers day parties with international djs, food, drinks, various watersports, and much more. It is open everyday (11am till 8pm) from mid June to mid September.
• Hamam — Bodrum has a fine hamam, also known as a Turkish Bath, located a few blocks inland from the harbour. Facilities are separated by gender with both sexes enjoying the same hours of operation. It is situated right across the bus terminal.
• Further afield there are the mud baths to visit. You go down the river on a rickety of chug-chug jump in bit baths of mud and roll around (The fun bit) and then clean off and go home. It’s also easy to go across to Kos or Rhodes for a day or two. When arriving there get a scooter (very dangerous but the best and easiest way to get around). There is of course loads of old architecture to visit around if you like that kind of thing.
• Windsurfing — There are some good possibilities for windsurfing at nearby Vass. It has a bit of a hippy air to it with lots of hire stands for boards and sails. Some may find there are just to many people around in high season for it to be much fun, especially when there are competitions running.
Pure Windsurfing Centre  is another option in the peninsula. There is a great range of windsurfing boards and sails for rent. The bay is nice, quite and safe, so you don’t need to worry about an overcrowded location. The bay has cross shore conditions and you can be planning straight from the beach. Perfect for beginners in the mornings and in the afternoons for the more experienced windsurfer.
• Diving – There are many diving clubs doing daily scuba diving tours all around the region, fees usually include lunch and snacks prepared on boat.
• Boat Tours – Public boat tours are arranged from almost all the beaches. Alternatively, you can make early reservation with the tour operator of your choice, many tour operators are located in the Bodrum Marina. Boat tours are a good way to explore various beaches surrounding Bodrum, as well as some must see island strands you can’t reach by road.
• Yacht charter in the Aegean Sea.
• Take a shuttle from the central bus station(otogar) to the Tropical Camel Beach. It takes approx. 30min. from the bus station to the Camel Beach. You can ride a camel at the camel beach. The sea and the beach is one of the greatest in the Bodrum Peninsula.
• Tour in the marina and Bodrum Castle.
• Flaka Cruising, Bodrum,  Bodrum is known for its old traditional wooden sailing boats, so called gulets. Mainly, there is sailed in the gulf of Gökova and Hisarönü, the Blue Cruise or Blue Voyage as the trip is referred to, is done by motor/engine however there are a few charter companies who sail by wind power, one of them is Flaka Cruising and does offer this service by sailing by wind. Gulets can be chartered for your family gathering or by cabin. In the last case you share the gulet with other guests form around the world.
Buy
Always haggle for a better (if not half price) deal and go for clothing. Some great quality designer labeled outfits, shoes and trousers (fake or not) are definitely worth the lira being asked

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